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- <text id=90TT3141>
- <title>
- Nov. 26, 1990: Britain:The Melting Of The "Iron Lady"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 26, 1990 The Junk Mail Explosion!
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 43
- BRITAIN
- The Melting of the "Iron Lady"
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Win or lose, Thatcher will find her leadership in doubt and her
- authority weakened as a result of Heseltine's challenge
- </p>
- <p> A political attack from the mild, mumbling Sir Geoffrey
- Howe, one of his parliamentary opponents once gibed, was "like
- being savaged by a dead sheep." Margaret Thatcher might have
- wished it were so as she sat rigidly, arms folded, in the House
- of Commons last week, listening to Howe attack her. In a speech
- explaining his resignation as Deputy Prime Minister earlier
- this month, he sounded more like a lion, and a very live one
- at that.
- </p>
- <p> One of the founders of Thatcherism, Howe charged that her
- resistance to the European Community's economic and political
- integration was running "serious risks for our nation." He
- called on his Conservative Party colleagues to distinguish
- between "loyalty to the Prime Minister" and "loyalty to what
- I perceive to be the true interests of this nation," a conflict
- that Howe admitted he had wrestled with "for perhaps too long."
- </p>
- <p> This broadside from Howe became the catalyst for the most
- serious challenge to Thatcher's leadership in her 11 years as
- Prime Minister. Michael Heseltine, a former Minister of Defense
- who stalked out of the Cabinet in 1986 and had been circling
- Fort Thatcher ever since, finally decided to make his move. He
- said Howe's resignation revealed a split in the party that
- could not be resolved without a fight.
- </p>
- <p> "I am persuaded," said Heseltine, "that I have a better
- prospect now than Mrs. Thatcher of leading the Conservative
- Party into a fourth election victory." The party's 372 Members
- of Parliament were to indicate in a secret ballot this week
- whether they agreed with him. Bookmakers were offering 2-to-1
- odds on Thatcher to retain her position as leader of the ruling
- party and thus as Prime Minister. To win outright, she must
- receive an overall majority plus 15% more votes than any other
- candidate. To force a second ballot next week, Heseltine has
- to garner at least 159.
- </p>
- <p> That was the arithmetic of victory, but measuring the impact
- of the contest itself is less clear cut. Heseltine's challenge
- was only the latest proof of Thatcher's declining fortunes as
- her third term nears its end. She can lose even by winning. In
- last year's leadership ballot, 60 M.P.s voted against her or
- abstained. This time, Heseltine's supporters claim he will top
- 100, which would be a major blow to her authority. As the Times
- of London put it last week, "The country needs to know whether
- Mrs. Thatcher does or does not retain sufficient party support
- to remain a strong Prime Minister. If she does not, she must
- go."
- </p>
- <p> Ostensibly, the divisive issue is Europe. Britain has been
- debating its role in the European Community for decades.
- Thatcher, though she insists she backs such steps as monetary
- union and closer political cooperation, in fact does her best
- to delay or weaken them. Her obstructionism has produced a
- string of Cabinet resignations by ministers who tried to
- correct her course. Howe was demoted from Foreign Minister to
- the powerless post of deputy to Thatcher in July 1989 for
- pushing her to accept currency union.
- </p>
- <p> Even Heseltine's resignation in 1986 was precipitated by a
- dispute over whether to sell the country's only helicopter
- producer to an American consortium or a European group. When
- Thatcher tilted, as she usually does, to the "special
- relationship" with the U.S., Heseltine literally stormed out
- of the Cabinet.
- </p>
- <p> Behind this unending fight over high policy, of course, are
- the pocketbook issues that usually determine democratic
- elections. One of Thatcher's biggest vote losers is her
- unpopular new "poll tax," which forces every adult to pay a
- fixed portion of local government costs. Britain is also
- tumbling into recession, and that leads once again to the
- European question. Howe argued last week that Britain would not
- be suffering its present inflation rate if it had joined
- Europe's exchange-rate mechanism at least five years ago.
- </p>
- <p> Heseltine offers only variations on the government's themes.
- He supports the free-market thrust of Thatcher's domestic
- programs, though with a slightly more populist twist. He speaks
- of "compassion" for those who cannot compete, and favors
- "caring capitalism." Some skeptics call that a "kinder, gentler
- Thatcherism." He is a hawk on defense and fully backs the
- U.S.-led alliance against Iraq.
- </p>
- <p> While he supports American foreign policy, Heseltine refuses
- to romanticize the "special relationship" and takes a measured
- view of Britain's obvious need to find its future in Europe.
- Even there he is a moderate: he refers to the E.C. as a club,
- to which one must belong in order to write the rules. "Better
- by far to reach for the levers of power," he says, "if only to
- prevent others from pulling them first." If Thatcher falters
- in the party's voting, Heseltine would not necessarily become
- Prime Minister. Officials at 10 Downing Street say her choice
- to succeed her if she became incapacitated would be Foreign
- Minister Douglas Hurd. He could become the compromise candidate
- in later ballots.
- </p>
- <p> If Thatcher wins narrowly in this week's vote, she will be
- badly wounded politically--and even more so if there is
- another round. Her own parliamentarians will have shown their
- lack of faith in her leadership and, most important to them,
- in her ability to win the next election, which must take place
- before July 1992. Some Tories are suggesting she resign in a
- month or two, even after a victory. Her loyalists scorn the
- idea, saying the Prime Minister will win easily and, in her
- words, "go on and on." In all likelihood, however, the
- Heseltine challenge marks the beginning of the end for the
- Thatcher era.
- </p>
- <p>By Bruce W. Nelan. Reported by William Mader/London.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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